Pre-Bid Joint Venture Agreement Essay Example

Pre-Bid Joint Venture Agreement Essay PRE-BIDDING JOINT VENTURE AGREEMENTbetweenCompany AandCompany Bin respect ofCONSTRUCTION PROJECTTHE PRE-BIDDING JOINT VENTURE AGREEMENTThis Pre Bidding Joint Venture Agreement (â€Å"The Agreement†) entered into as of this _________ day of ________________, 20___ (being the actual date on which the Agreement will be signed) by and between: (A) Company A with their office at ___________ (hereinafter called â€Å"Party A†) of the one part(B) Company B with their office at _________________ (together with its successors and assignees hereinafter called â€Å"Party B†), of the other part Both parties shall be jointly referred to as the â€Å"Parties†.WITNESSETH:Whereas the parties hereto desire to submit a joint bid to _____________(hereinafter referred to as the Owner), for the construction of ________________(herein called the Work).WHEREAS, the parties each hereby certify and represent to each other their ability to provide their respective share of bonding capacity, finances, personnel, equipment and supervision to complete the work in the event they are the successful bidder and to sustain and pay for any losses that may be incurred;NOW THEREFORE, it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:1. They will jointly prepare a bid to be submitted to the Owner for a contract for the Work.2. The bid shall be submitted in the names of the undersigned as joint venturers and should a contract for said Work be obtained as a result of such bid, such contract shall be taken in the names of the undersigned, as joint venturers, or in such other name as may be agreed upon by the undersigned with the consent and approval of the Owner.3. Each and every obligation created by any such bid or contract shall be the joint and several obligation of the undersigned.4. The interest of the undersigned in any such contract, if obtained, and in the Work shall be

Politeness in the English Language Essays

Politeness in the English Language Essays Politeness in the English Language Paper Politeness in the English Language Paper Linguistically, politeness is a form of pragmatic, the study of how interlocutors use their own knowledge of a language to convey and interpret meaning (Bloomer, Griffith and Morrison: 468), this enforces that littleness is a form of language that previous knowledge and external influences that can affect our interpretation of what was spoken to the listener. There are many factions of politeness however, the main focus is the social interactions that may or may not be considered polite. Sociolinguistics such as Penelope Brown and Stephenson C. Elevations are the most creditable figures In studying politeness, Politeness: some universals in language usage what this particular text introduces is that politeness is versatile and differs from culture, to culture. The study of politeness enables the understanding of the relationship between speaker and listener. Studs such as J Holmes Women. Men and Politeness also represent how politeness differs between genders and what is expected from women and men in society. Academic texts such as introducing language in use and politeness in language discuss the variations of politeness and how politeness operates, such as what is conceived polite and impolite. What may or may not be considered polite differs on the individual as Bloomer, Griffith and Merinos state it depends! More specifically, it would depend on who you are asking (Bloomer, Griffith and Morrison: 109). Based on relationships and individual interpretation of politeness, what one may consider extremely rude one may think nothing of it, due to the listeners relationship to the speaker, it could even be a joke Get me a coke. (Bloomer, Griffith and Morrison: 1 08), may be considered neither polite nor impolite to one but impolite to another. Due to politeness being pragmatic any examples of politeness cant be analyzed correctly due to not knowing the external actors. Therefore, it also suggests that linguistic choice is a main factor when being polite or impolite, as this varies from perso n to person. Politeness is suggested to be more complex than what is initially perceived such as please and thank you, Brown and Elevations (1978, 1 987) suggest this people have certain needs (Bloomer, Griffith and Morrison: 1 12) these are called faces. Positive face, is individuals public image or personality that one desires to be accepted and approved of. Negative face is our rights and freedom of action. This is a constant struggle to keep face as these faces are continuously threatened in everyday conversation. These threats are normally made by the speaker as they challenge the hearers self-image or their freedom Of action. Acts that threaten the hearers face would be questions such as order and requests, suggestions and advice, reminders and threats (warnings and dares) this removes the hearers freedom of action therefore it is a threat. Hearers can gain their face back by complaining, or refusing to do what the) are requested to do. Politeness however, makes this hard to refuse as it signed to make individuals do as the speaker says or they will appear impolite a break social rules. Threats the positive face is similar however, TFH speaker may criticize, disapprove, disagree, bringing bad news or boasting about the speakers news etc. They can gain their face back by apologizing, accepting and complimenting and so on. However, by regaining hearers positive and negative face they are now threatening the speakers positive and negative face. When applying o politeness, it is understood that politeness is a linguistic behavior signaling that the speaker wants/needs/ appreciates The same things as the hearer (Bloomer Griffith Morrison: 1 If Politeness represents. positive concern (Holmes: 1995). This then suggests that a common ground is to be met as politeness doesnt intend to threaten faces. Brown and Elevations (1978, 1 987) are the most famous figures in linguistic analysis of politeness as they suggested the theory of negative and positive face. However, the focus will be on the universal concept of politeness. International systematic are based largely on universal principals (Brown and Elevations:283) this suggests that hearer and speaker hurry is similar throughout different cultures, there is always a one and once conversation and that has one and the other however, this differs systematically across cultures, and within cultures sub-subcultures'( Brown c Elevations:283) the idea of variation of politeness suggest s society is built up multiple building blocks where complex social relations are constructed When studying the basics of Politeness, it is assumed that in society this system works on both genders equally however, our language differs in society. However, J Holmes Women, men and politeness (1995) suggests otherwise where its stated that yes think women are more polite than mere (Holmes: 1). It isnt surprising when it has been proven multiple times before that men and womens speech differ in language. Such as girls are verbally more precious than boys ( Men, Women and Politeness, 1995:1 , Chambers 1992) and women have more advantage over men Lunacy, speaking, sentence complexity (Men, Women and Politeness, 1995:1, Chambers 1992, 1999) compared to men are likely to stutter and to have reading disabilities (Men, Women and Politeness, 1995:1 ,Chambers 1992:200). This obviously allows women to structure complex sentences and articulate bet when using politeness and men, struggling to do so. Socially women tend to talk more, as a means of keeping in touch and developing relationship as most men, use language to convey information. This then suggests that me are concerned with the content of the conversation than the meaning and the feelings behind then that women do due to womens natural nurturing side. Politeness in Language (1992) is written by Richard Watts, Cossack Did and Conrad Inline who represent the postmodern approach to politeness They issues the history of politeness, and how the English language has evolved . The meaning of expression and the historicity of the present, the diachronic aspects of politeness. A number of key themes are illustrated from the first section focus on the theoretical and historical dimensions of linguistic politeness. These themes are nicely explored by Watts when he claims that politeness will always be a slippery, ultimately indefinable quality of interaction which is subject to change through time and across cultural space (watts:13). The suggests that the analytical study of modern littleness may differ in time to come therefore research continuously being invalid as it is always differing from person to person and cant be set on one theory. Text also looks at politeness and its history Conrad Inline suggests, it is not a natural entity, but one which has evolved historically (Inline: 73) like language it is a historical construct that has differed over time. As previously mentioned, politeness differs from culture to culture and from area to area it also changes from time to time. Such as asking permission of the father to awry a women was seen as polite and a scandal to be wed without permission. In modern day society it would still be considered polite but not impolite if a man was to ask the father to marry his daughter. Inline implies that the phenomenon of politeness does not exist (Inline: 73) he further argues that they are part of an expression and therefore concept of politeness and is not independent. Inline recognizes that previous studies are subjective as sociolinguistics such as Brown and Elevations, surmise it is universal when they only studied western areas. To conclude: The English language is vibrant with multiplicity and complexities especially in politeness. English language and culture through history have always been highlighted for their etiquette and good manners due to English heritage. Manners, where of the highest importance in English history and a large part Of this remains.

ACADEMIC ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ACADEMIC - Essay Example One of the major drawbacks that has come as a result of climate change is lack of water. The increased dry spells have changed the rainfall patterns as well as the way people used to get the basic commodity in the cities. As indicated with most of the people living in the urban areas, a lot of water is needed to sustain them. Another major problem that is seen in the urban areas is increased cases of mutation. The changes in climate change have been attributed to the increased use of unsustainable methods by humans as they try to make it in life. In the urban areas, there are many industries that may release their gaseous effluent to the atmosphere. The increased number of vehicles also adds to the gaseous waste. These gases react with the Ozone layer exposing the people to UV radiation hence the increased reported cases of cancer such as skin cancer. One of the secrets behind having a robust and a well-established economy is having a large population. In the beginning of the past century, Australia was embarking on increasing its population to aide in the elevation of its economy. This was done by increasing life expectancy and reducing mortality (Hugo, p. 4). With the problem solved, people in the urban centers increased rapidly threatening the same environment that they have to thrive on. The climatic changes being seen are some of the long term effects of industrialization upheld by the government in the past century. Currently the changing climatic conditions have been manifested in the extreme events being witnessed with the projected temperature rise bound to hit the country by 2070. It is estimated that in about 55 years to come, the annual average number of days above thirty five degrees Celsius in Perth would rise from the current twenty eight to about sixty seven. The rise in temperature comes with other adverse effect s which range from

The Challenges for Business Start-ups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Challenges for Business Start-ups - Essay Example The essay includes discussion and analysis on different aspects of the topic such as financial resources, entrepreneur’s time, competition from existing firms, human resource management, establishment of customer base and intellectual property rights. Alone in United Kingdom, there are more than 4.8 million small businesses which employ less than five people. Furthermore, out of these 4.8 million businesses, 3.8 million are sole proprietors. According to a conservative estimate, almost 0.5 million people start their own business every year. Over 60 percent of the total workforce or almost 22.8 million people of the United Kingdom work with small and medium sized business. Surprisingly, 60 percent of the commercial innovations also come from these small businesses. However, there is another side of the picture, which tells that more than 80 percent of these small businesses fail within the first year of their operations. Therefore, the point here is that these new businesses of ten face a great deal of challenges during their initial days. As the old saying goes that â€Å"People don't plan to fail, they fail to plan†. Only those businesses survive, which have the planning, resources, determination, and focus to cope up with those challenges. This paper is also an attempt to present a brief overview of these challenges in light of various examples and theories. In conclusion, the researcher states that business startups without proper planning are similar to a ship, which is moving in circles without any direction.

Charge of the Light Brigade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Charge of the Light Brigade - Essay Example The details of the historical incident have been recorded fairly accurately since the communications and the events of the charge have been saved by historians of the time. The charge was conducted by the British cavalry Light Brigade which formed the Fourth Royal Irish Dragoon Guards in conjunction with the Heavy Brigade. At the battle, the total Cavalry force was commanded by the Earl of Lucan who received an order to charge from Lord Raglan who was present as the overall army commander. The order stated: "Lord Raglan wishes the cavalry to advance rapidly to the front, follow the enemy, and try to prevent the enemy carrying away the guns. Horse artillery may accompany. French cavalry is on your left. Immediate. (Wikipedia.org, 2006, Pg. 1)." The order was delivered by Captain Louis Nolan who was killed in the action that followed the order. The action taken by Lord Cardigan was to take more than six hundred men straight into the valley where they faced twenty battalions of Russian infantry and more than fifty cannons pointed at them. The Russians had forced deployed on both sides of the valley where the British light cavalry was charging into (Bachrach, 1997). From a military standpoint this situation can easily be understood as quite negatively stacked against the British. The Light Brigade was able to go through the cannon fire and attack the Russian forces to push them back. However, charging through the cannon fire cost the British heavily and the Light Brigade was forced to retire from battle. The Heavy Brigade failed to help the charge of the Light Brigade since they entered the mouth of the valley but did not come any further. The French (who were allied with the British in the Crimean War), were only able to provide cover for the few remaining soldiers of the Light Brigade at the end of the charge. The charge was successful in meeting the objective given to

The essential nature of International marketing

The essential nature of International marketing International marketing is the performance of business activities designed to plan price, promote and directs the flow of the companys goods and services to consumer or user in more then one nation for profit. Cateora Graham International marketing is a broader concept and includes export marketing. Export marketing is concerned with the production of good in one country and marketing them in different countries of the world while international marketing is a boarder concept and includes globalization. International Marketing is essential for all countries-small big; developed developing and rich poor. This is because no country in the world is self sufficient as regard all the requirements and no country can live in complete economic and political isolation. Every country has to import something from other country and has to export whatever surplus available. The natural resources are not divided equally among the countries of the world. There is disparity among countries as regards geographical area, population, climate condition, availability of natural resources, economic growth, technology development, production activities and so on. Such disparity leads to inter dependent of countries. It is this situation which serves as base for the conduct of large scale international marketing activities. OBJECTIVES To bring countries closer for trading purpose and to encourage large scale free trade among the countries of the world. To bring integration of economies of different countries and there by to facilitate the process of globalization of trade. To establish trade relations among the nations and thereby to maintain cordial relations among nations for maintaining world peace. To facilitates and encourage social and cultural exchange among different countries of the world. To provide assistance to developing countries in their economic and industrial growth and thereby to remove gap between the developed and developing countries. To ensure optimum utilization of resources at global level. To encourage world export trade and to provide benefits of the same to all participating countries. To offer the benefits of comparative cost advantage to all countries participating in international marketing. To keep international trade free and fair to all countries by avoiding trade barriers FEATURES Large Scale operation International marketing transaction is always conducted in large quantity. This is necessary for securing the advantages of large scale operation as regards transportation, handling and warehousing. Domination of multinationals and developed countries Multinational Corporation dominates the international marketing scene. It has world wide contacts. They conduct business operation more efficiently and economically. They are in a better position to adopt global approach which is necessary in international marketing. International restrictions International marketing imposes various trade restriction (tariff non-tariff) because of productive policies followed by differences countries. Tariff barriers are adopted practically by all countries. Foreign exchange also imposes various restrictions on imports exports. The growth of international marketing is adversely affected due to such trade restrictions. Sensitive character International marketing is highly sensitive flexible in the character. A product may suddenly become unpopular or market may come down quickly due to political and economic reasons. Even the use of advanced technology by the competitors or the introduction of new product by the competitor may affect the sale at the global level. Need of international marketing research International marketing requires marketing research in the form of marketing surveys, product surveys and product testing as it is highly competitive. Government policies change, new substitutes enter in to the market and new restriction is imposed because of political, economic, social and cultural factors. Such challenges are common in international marketing and for this continues watch on international marketing environment is required. Marketing research, sale forecasting, etc. are useful techniques for this purpose. They bring adoptability in international marketing activities . Importance of Advance Technology Countries like the USA, Japan Germany have a dominating position in international marketing because of the use of advanced technology in production marketing of goods. They are able to promote export capture world market due to their ability to sell superior quality goods at competitive prices. At present, world markets are flooded with Japanese goods. this is the result of intensive use of automation advanced computer technology in Japan. Keen Acute Competition International marketing is highly competitive. Moreover, this competition is between developed developing countries which are unequal partners. Such competition is made severe due to special facilities incentives provided by the government to the exporter for export promotion. Need for specialized Institutions International marketing is risky complicated. It requires lengthy procedures formalities. Professional exports are necessary for dealing with various aspects of international marketing. Similarly, financial institution like indent houses, exchange bank export houses are established world over for effective participation in international marketing. Need for long term planning International marketing requires long term marketing planning. The marketing situation in different countries changes because of social, economic political factors. This stresses the need for long term planning in international marketing. A comprehensive dynamic marketing programmed can be prepared through such long term planning. Lengthy Time Consuming International marketing activity is lengthy, time-consuming complicated. This is due to long distances, restrictions imposed by different countries, payment difficulties due to the use of different currencies lengthy procedural formalities which need to be completed in an orderly manner. NEED FOR INTERNATIONAL MARKETING International interdependence of countries No countries in the world are self-sufficient in all respect. No countries can produce all its requirements due to geographical other factors. There is international inter-dependence because of which every country has to imports. This awareness of mutual dependence creates favorable situation for the growth of international marketing. International inter-dependence growing world population are two basic factors which suggest the need of large scale international marketing. Absence of uniform geographic climate conditions Geographic condition climatic factors are not uniform in all countries. No country is able to produce all goods required by it. A country can import the goods which it is not n a position to produce due to natural other economic factors. This suggests the need of international marketing in the case of all countries. Availability of comparative cost benefits International marketing is necessary as the cost of production is not uniform in all countries. Every countries can produce certain favorable factors. Exchange of commodities on the basis of comparative cost is always beneficial to all countries. Growing need of countries International marketing is necessary in order to meet the growing need of different countries also for providing better standard of living to people. This is the reason due to which countries following different political philosophies system maintain trade relation make the life of their citizens richer happier. Need of closer economic cultural cooperation International marketing is also needed for developing closer economic cultural relations between countries. This is the way by which the available global, natural other resources will be utilized fully at the international level. International marketing is needed for economic integration among the nation of the world. Problem of surplus/shortage of production in countries International marketing is needed due to surplus production in some countries supplemented by shortage of production in some other countries. It is also needed as some countries have huge unused production capacity while other have no capacity to meet even their domestic need. This situation can be corrected only through international marketing which facilities exchange of goods as per the need of different countries. Bridging gap between developed and developing countries International marketing is need in order to bridge the gap between the advance countries the developing countries. Such marketing not only brings exchange of goods services but also facilitates transfer of technical know-how skills. Such transfers are necessary for rapid growth of developing countries. Economic growth of developing countries world peace: International marketing is needed for rapid growth development in all countries-develop developing. It bring transfer of technologies facilitates rapid industrialization in developing countries. It provides a mechanism through which developed countries provides assistance to developing countries in there efforts towards economic growth. International marketing efforts benefits to all participating countries also develops co-operation among countries. In short, international marketing is needed as it is a key to world peace prosperity. PROBLEMS/DIFFICULTIES IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Payment difficulty: Payment is an important difficulty in international marketing because of different currency systems followed by different countries of the world. The buyer will like to make payment in one currency, while the seller desires to have payments in his home currency. In addition, strict foreign exchange is necessary. All these factors create complication in the payments for the goods sold or the services rendered. Such difficulties are absence in the case of domestic marketing due to the existence of uniform currency system Risk and Uncertainties in transportation: International marketing involves the transportation of goods over long distance covering thousand of kilometer. There is a risk of loss or damage of goods as exposed to uncertainties in transportation. High cost of transportation is one more problem in international marketing as this cost raises the market price considerably and affects sales. Government restrictions: International marketing is not free like domestic marketing. Export imports are restricted by the Govt in all countries. Due to such restriction, various problems are created before the exporters. Even the restriction in foreign countries create problem before the exporting community. Such trade restrictions are in the form of heavy tariffs, quotes, exchange control so on. Difficulties in communication: The operation of international marketing is between people of different language groups, traditions, customs, nationality, socio-system national laws. More over, direct contact between the parties is not possible. Hence, a special procedure in the form of letter of credit, bank guarantee, insurance, etc., is necessary for safety security of payments. Time difficulty: There is a wide gap between the time when the group are dispatched the time when the goods are received paid for. There is delay in receiving the delivery of goods due to complicated procedures long distance. Such delay is always troublesome to exporter as well as importer. Difficulty in the preparation of documents: A large number of documents are required to be prepared in international marketing transaction. The exporters, for example, have to prepare various documents for the benefit of the importers. This work is lengthy, complicated time-consuming. Severe competition in global market: International marketing is risky due to competition in global markets. This competition may be related to price, quality sales promotion techniques used. The competition is between countries with varied economy, social technological background. Such competition is always troublesome to poor developing countries. Exporters from such countries have to face various problems while dealing with severe market competition. Miscellaneous difficulties: These difficulties in international marketing include (a) difference in weights measures in different countries, (b) political affiliations of countries, (c) trade barriers trade blocs, (d) differences in the marketing practices followed in different countries and (e) war or international tensions. SCOPE OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Regulation on marketing activities: International marketing is not free like domestic marketing. Various countries impose tariff non-tariff restrictions on trading activities. Such restriction affects the volume of international trade. The study of such regulation their effects on trading activities is one aspect of study concerned with international marketing. Every country has to study such regulation imposed by other countries take suitable remedial measures. Formalities and procedures of marketing: International marketing is a complicated time-consuming activity due to different commercial laws practices followed in different countries. Exporter importer have to follow various formalities procedure relating to licensing, foreign exchange, customs duties clearing of goods. Such procedure formalities are not uniform in all countries hence the study of procedure formalities comes within the scope of international marketing. Exporter importer have to study such formalities procedure for orderly conduct of international marketing activities. Trade block and their impact: Trade block are established by different countries participating in international marketing activities. Such block includes EU, LAFTA, ASEAN, EFTA CACM. However, such trade blocks are harmful to the growth of free world trade. Commercial policies and their impact: Every country prepares its own commercial policies to suit its specific needs. The policies of different countries create international commercial environment under which all countries have to operate. Naturally, the study of commercial policies of different their impact on world trade needs special attention. Such study comes within the scope of international marketing. International marketing research: Marketing research is essential for large scale marketing in global markets. Information about marketing environment, needs of consumers, buying behavior, extend of market competition, etc. will be available through such research activities. Product planning development, introduction of scales promotion techniques, etc are possible only through such research of foreign markets. Miscellaneous aspects: Export financing. Exim policy and implication. Export pricing and export risk management. Product innovation, standardization and sales promotion. Study of special facilities, concession and incentives. BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING TO A COUNTRY/NATION Provides higher standard of leaving: International marketing provides better life welfare to people in different countries. It provides goods which cannot be produced in the home country due to geographical limitations. This raises the standard of living of the people social welfare. International marketing facilities large scale production create employment opportunities in different countries. This provides purchasing power to the people ensures higher living standard to them. Ensures rational optimum utilization of resources: Rational allocation of resource the best use of the resources available at the international level is one major advantages of international marketing. It enables every country to export whatever is available as surplus. This may be raw material, oils, consumer goods even machinery services. Rapid industrial growth: International marketing creates new demand for goods. This facilitates industrial activities brings industrial development. International marketing leads to industrial development of the country, provides massive employment opportunities to the people full utilization of natural resources available. Benefits of comparative cost International marketing provides to participating countries, the benefits of comparatives costs. The benefits of division of labour specialization at the international level are available to participating countries through international marketing. International cooperation and world peace: International marketing bring countries closer due to trade relation. This leads to cooperation among the countries. Developed countries help developing countries in their development activities. This remove economic technological gap between the countries. Facilitates cultural exchange: Social cultural exchanges between different countries of the world are possible due to international marketing. This is possible as fashions move along with goods. Trade also develops social cultural relation among nations. This lead to cultural integration at global level. Better utilization of surplus production: Due to international marketing, surplus production of goods can be exported to other countries. This provides foreign exchange to exporting country also meets the needs of other countries. Effective use of surplus goods, service, raw material, etc. is possible due to international marketing. Thus effective utilization of surplus domestic production, introduction of new varieties of goods, improvement in the quality of production promotion of mutual co-operation among countries are the benefits of international marketing. Availability of foreign exchange: Easy availability of foreign exchange for import of capital goods, modern technology other essential requirements is possible due to international marketing. A country earn foreign exchange due to export can use it for essential imports. Expansion of tertiary sector: International marketing promotes exports. This lead to industrial development. Along with this, expansion takes place in the infrastructure facilities. International marketing indirectly promotes transport, banking, insurance shipping activities. This provides additional benefits to the national economy. Special benefits during emergency situation: International marketing offers special benefits during natural calamities such as floods famines. Emergency supply of goods is required to meet urgent needs. This is possible because of large scale imports. Even other country offers cooperation to county facing difficulties through supply of essential goods services. BENEFITS OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING TO A COMPANY A company exporting abroad earns substantial profit out of its export operation. This is because export marketing is normally more profitable then domestic marketing. Even the loss in domestic marketing can be compensated from the profit earned out of export. A company exporting abroad earn foreign exchange out of its operation and the same can be used for the import of essential goods, new machinery, technology, etc. this facilitates large scale export in future. A company exporting goods abroad is in position to utilise its production capacity fully as it has capacity to use the entire production for domestic and export marketing. A company exporting goods abroad is normally a sound company with financial stability and good earning capacity. It can face problems of domestic marketing because of the support marketing. LIMITATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Unequal sharing of benefits: The benefits of international marketing are not shared in a fair manner among the participating countries. Rich and developed countries get more benefits at the cost of poor and developing countries. Restrictions on International Marketing: International marketing will offer all benefits only when free trade is allowed by all countries. However, the actual position is all together different. Trade restrictions (tariff and non-tariff) are imposed by all countries (developed and developing) on free movement of goods. This restricts the growth of international trade and actual benefits available to participating countries are limited. Efforts to remove various restrictions by WTO and other international trade organizations are not effective. Adverse effects of trade blocs on International Marketing: Along with trade barriers, trade blocs exist among the countries of the world. EU, LAFTA, ASEAN are some active trade blocs. They encourage trade among the members of the group but put artificial restrictions on the trading activities with non-members. As a result, the growth of international marketing is restricted. Similarly, free trade among nations is not allowed. In addition, countries which have not joined such trade blocs suffer in regards to their exports and imports. Domination of MNCs and developed countries on International Marketing: MNCs from rich and developed countries dominate international trade since long. Their operations are for profit maximizations. Poor and developing countries suffer due to virtual monopolistic position of MNCs in international marketing. These corporations sell their products in many developing countries as per the terms and condition which are profitable to them. This leads to exploitation of poor and developing countries also dominate international marketing. Existence of severe competition in international marketing: One limitation of present day international marketing is the existence of stiff competition among participating countries and companies. Unfortunately, this competition is between unequal competitors. It is between rich and poor or developed and developing countries. Developing countries lack advance technology, skilled labour, infrastructure facilities and so on. As a result, they have to sell their raw materials and other resources at a low price to rich countries.

The Innocence of Socrates Essay -- essays research papers

The Innocence of Socrates The goals of this paper will be to explore the death of Socrates and to support the thesis that the jury at Socrates' trial was not justified in its decision to sentence him to death. One of the major charges against Socrates in his trial was that of "impiety." This allegation specifically referred to Socrates' neglect of the accepted public gods of the city and introducing new gods. "Neglecting the public gods" may have referred to Socrates' individualistic optimism when regarding their nature. He believed that the gods were benevolent beings and disagreed with the written legends that depicted them as evil. Most Greeks did believe the pessimistic theological speculation of popular poets, and Socrates' failure to follow this trend likely contributed to his being accused of neglecting the gods. As for the charge of introducing new deities, it was actually a common practice for Greek cities to modify their roster of public gods. Therefore, Socrates' only crime may have been doing so on his own rather than following changes in accepted religious dogma. A second charge against Socrates was that of "corrupting the youth." Specifically, this referred to the allegation that he made his followers idle, lazy, and weak. He also supposedly undermined parental authority, encouraged disrespect for one's elders, and promised to make youths wiser and otherwise superior to their parents. It was feared that Socrates' teachings would...

Sexism & Bigotry

Divas N. Quinine's Professor G. Pier Sexism and Bigotry. August 26, 2013 By definition the term sexism meaner prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex; in restricted Job opportunities; especially, such discrimination directed against women. As well a bigot is a person who is intolerant of any ideas other than his or her own, especially on religion, politics, or race. As I researched for this paper in the Museum of Tolerance in N. Y. , I learned that the human mind makes 11 assumptions about a person in the first 7 seconds of meeting them.We must be aware of this in order to take a positive action rather than a negative approach based on false assumptions. Is it fair to say that everyone is a sexist and/or a bigot? I will be blunt enough to affirm that hypothesis, bases on the fact that our borrow values and our social construct drive us in that direction. As Mr.. Anthony Porter verbally expresses in his lecture â€Å"A Call to Men† we must break from the so called â€Å"MAN BOX† and teach boys and men that not being part of the mainstream male dominant society is perfectly correct.The power that an mage holds has depicted many things in American culture during the 20th and 21st centuries; such as propaganda, stereotyping, and the demutualization of minority groups. In the same form, the power of words, which can lift a person, has brought down ethnic groups all over the world. Words have power; they can inspire, incite, can be hateful, can terrify, can be destructive and intimidating, as well as have consequences†¦ In the museum, I observed a propaganda poster from 1917 that stated: â€Å"Gee!! I wish I were a man, I'd join the Navy.Be a man and do it – United States Navy recruiting station (artist Howard Chandler Christy 1917). The poster showing a young woman in a Navy uniform during World War l. † As I read and saw the visual I was livid not only about the sexism, but also about the exploitation of woman through the painting as sexual objects†¦ How is it that we live in a world where in some countries it is a crime to be born a female? We live in a time where one out of three women is victimized by men (father, brothers, uncles, husband, or boyfriend).They experiment domestic abuse, traditional abuse, rape, and are trafficked†¦ In some cultures if a woman is proven to eve committed adultery she will be murdered or maimed (honor killings). These crimes are committed against women in the name of religion. A man will take sexual control over a woman by sexual organ mutilation or female circumcisions; which is practiced without any medical training and is commonly performed in countries like Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.This procedure is done lacking anesthesia and bring infections, shock, and death due to hemorrhage. In Kenya a women's advocacy group has developed the term â€Å"Circumcision through Words† in order to prevent the female mutilations. Seven million women are trafficked annually for sexual slavery, the Russian mafia high risk of contraction Stud's, rape, drug addiction (and abuse to cope), torture, and rape†¦ This is a seven billion dollar a year â€Å"business and to my surprise, in some countries it is perfectly legal to sell a female into any type of slavery.In the Unites States a female is victimized by men every two minutes ranging in age from sixteen to nineteen years of age and less than 5 of the victims report their assault. One to three million women is battered annually and one to four will be murdered by their husband or significant life partner. This sexist and abusive behavior must be detained and we as an aware society must inculcate to our boys and men that a woman is not a sexual object or the pun of sexual anecdotes. It is easy to write off bigotry to extremists, but how do you stop it from occurring?In my opinion, we can stop bigotry through tolerance. With the discipline to ho ld back and learn to co-exist, to respect thy fellow human and to pursue in harmony our goals as a positive society. In my walk through the museum I came upon a section entitled Globalize. Com which features touch screen computer terminals that have unmasked the danger of a one sided story; the story of hatred. The proliferation of hate through the internet is greater than I thought, in fact it showed me how extremely saturated it actually is.The Karri Cultural Institute or KICK is an Iranian institution with an on-line fifty-seven page book, which claims that the Holocaust genocide was a lie. The Fate Kids is a HAMS site which published a comic strip in which â€Å"EVIL ZIONISTS† made beautiful toys that were actually bombs that were used to kill innocent Palestinians; they also used this comic strip to recruit children to come Jihad. People such as Doll Hitler, Stalin, the K. K. K founders 0. Calvin Jones, Frank O.McCoy, John B. Kennedy, John C. Lester, James R. Crower, and Richard R. Reed), and Osama Bin Laden have been extremist bigots who have committed genocide than being tolerant of others. We must assume responsibility and take a stand against bigotry, initiate a Diversity and Tolerance group in our community, remember to always dialogue not scream, to commit to assist meetings, empower, support and above all educate people on what it meaner to be a bigot and how can we help to stop it.

The Bauhaus Notes essays

The Bauhaus Notes essays When Walter Gropius resigned as the head of the Bauhaus in 1930, Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe (1886-1969) became its director, moving it to Berlin before political pressures forced it to close in 1933. In his architecture and furniture he made a clear and elegant statement of the International Style, so much so that his work had enormous influence on modern architecture. Taking his motto "less is more" and calling his architecture "skin and bones," his aesthetic was already fully formed in the model for a glass skyscraper office building he concieved in 1921. Working with glass provided him with new freedom and many new possiblities. In the glass model, three irreguarly shaped towers flow outward from a central court. The perimeter walls are wholly transparent, the regular horizontal patterning of the cantilevered floor panes and their thin vertical supporting elements. The weblike delicacy of the lines of the glass model, its radiance, and the illusion of movement created by reflection and by light changes seen through it prefigure many of the glass skyscrapers of major cities throughout the world. Georg Muche's Haus am Horn, the model house for the Bauhaus exibition in 1923, was the first house he had ever designed. It is an extraordinary little Modernist Villa, classical in its own way. As the floor plan shows, it was designed for a single family with young children and no servants. The living room stands at the centre of the house, surrounded by all the other, much smaller rooms and lit by clerestory windows above. The surrounding rooms are linked in a logical way for middle-class households (the man's and the woman's rooms both lead into the bathroom, the womans room connects with the nursery and so on). M...

Free Essays on One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Ken Kesey was both a novelist and a short story writer, and is best known for One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Although many people disagreed with Kesey’s stereotypes toward women and blacks, â€Å"the book is considered a masterpiece of contemporary American literature for its disjointed, colloquial prose style, its tightly constructed plot, and its exposition of modern social ills† (Marowski 223-4). Kesey was inspired to write One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest from his experience at a mental institution. Kesey was both â€Å"captivated and revolted† by the treatment the patients received (Tanner 261-2 ). Kesey discovered in certain cases that the doctors and nurses’ treatments were ironically hurting the patients rather than helping them gain back their sanity. After studying the corrupt culture of mental institutions, Kesey creates a character, Nurse Ratched, to help explain his experience at the hospital. Kesey created the hospital to conf orm the patients rather than to heal them, allowed Kesey to justly portray the grotesque treatments the patients received. Through characterization, symbolism, and use of theme, Kesey portrays his characters through an overbearing matriarchal society. The matriarchal society was headed by Nurse Ratched or better known as â€Å"Big Nurse†. â€Å"Big Nurse is certainly a personification of some negative aspects of our society, and she is just the principal figure among a number of domineering and manipulating females in the novel† (Tanner 261-62). She was the head of the hospital ward, and governed the staff and patients with an overbearing amount of force and intimidation. â€Å"Big Nurse is the ward superintendent and is the ultimate authority demanding obedience and perfect order from everyone† (One). By demanding absolute cooperation from the patients, this control allowed Big Nurse to undermine the men and slowly make their condition worse than it was befo... Free Essays on One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest Free Essays on One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Ken Kesey was both a novelist and a short story writer, and is best known for One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Although many people disagreed with Kesey’s stereotypes toward women and blacks, â€Å"the book is considered a masterpiece of contemporary American literature for its disjointed, colloquial prose style, its tightly constructed plot, and its exposition of modern social ills† (Marowski 223-4). Kesey was inspired to write One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest from his experience at a mental institution. Kesey was both â€Å"captivated and revolted† by the treatment the patients received (Tanner 261-2 ). Kesey discovered in certain cases that the doctors and nurses’ treatments were ironically hurting the patients rather than helping them gain back their sanity. After studying the corrupt culture of mental institutions, Kesey creates a character, Nurse Ratched, to help explain his experience at the hospital. Kesey created the hospital to conf orm the patients rather than to heal them, allowed Kesey to justly portray the grotesque treatments the patients received. Through characterization, symbolism, and use of theme, Kesey portrays his characters through an overbearing matriarchal society. The matriarchal society was headed by Nurse Ratched or better known as â€Å"Big Nurse†. â€Å"Big Nurse is certainly a personification of some negative aspects of our society, and she is just the principal figure among a number of domineering and manipulating females in the novel† (Tanner 261-62). She was the head of the hospital ward, and governed the staff and patients with an overbearing amount of force and intimidation. â€Å"Big Nurse is the ward superintendent and is the ultimate authority demanding obedience and perfect order from everyone† (One). By demanding absolute cooperation from the patients, this control allowed Big Nurse to undermine the men and slowly make their condition worse than it was befo... Free Essays on One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest The story of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest takes place in a mental hospital. The main character is Randall McMurphy; he has led a troublesome life and been in and out of jail. He was put into the asylum because he committed assault and battery. He is a tall man with red hair, and has many tattoos. He is also a very loud and outspoken. McMurphy appears to be normal compared to everybody else but he can not leave until he gets the permission of nurse Ratched. McMurphy likes to gamble and feels he has an advantage over the other characters. He wants to be the main guy at the ward so he asks â€Å"Which one of you claims to be the craziest? Which one is the biggest loony? Who runs the card games?† (p. 22). McMurphy begins to cause problems with nurse Ratched and complains about things. McMurphy try’s to change their schedule so they can watch the World Series and do their work at night. McMurphy gets mad because the other patients will not stand up to the nurse. Bi lly Bibbit tells McMurphy that nothing he is doing will do any good in the future. But McMurphy says he can escape through the tub room by breaking the window. Nurse Ratched says, â€Å"That is exactly what the new patient is planning; to take over. He is what we call a manipulator†¦ a man who will use everything to his own ends†¦ this is an institution for the insane.† (p. 29-34). A man named Cheswick who stood behind McMurphy died shows McMurphy his friends need him. The rest of the patients are attempting to help McMurphy escape but McMurphy wants to leave with permission. Then his plans are set back when he tries to help his friend out who does not want to take a shower. But, a fight breaks out and McMurphy is sent to have Electro-shock therapy. Something went wrong with the therapy and McMurphy comes back brain dead. So his roommate suffocates him with a pillow to put him out of his misery. McMurphy was a man who liked to be in charge and not pushed around. He would ... Free Essays on One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, raises the issue of social morality in that it pits the moral structure of one man against that of the mental institution that is his society. When Randle Patrick McMurphy arrived at the mental institution, he immediately set things on edge by mocking the staff policies and joking with the patients. His gregarious demeanor and cheerful attitude was in marked contrast to a ward full of men who are shy, frightened mice that can hardly chuckle, and who live in constant terror of the Big Nurse and her indirect attacks. Nurse Ratched is a firm believer in structure and she dehumanizes her patients for the sake of her own empowerment. McMurphy believes that they are human and deserving of rights and equal treatment. This fundamental difference in their moral structure is the basis of the conflict between McMurphy and a society represented by the Big Nurse. By deliberately presenting himself as violently insane, R.P. McMurphy got himself out of the prison work farm and into what he thought would be an easy stint in an institution for mental illness. Over the course of his stay in the ward, McMurphy found that the patients were more robot-like than human in their actions and thoughts. The power that controlled them was the â€Å"Big Nurse,† Mrs. Ratched. One of the patients, Chief Bromden even says, â€Å"I see her sit in the center of this web of wires like a watchful robot, tend her network with mechanical insect skill, know every second which wire runs where and just what current to send up to get the results she wants† (pg. 30). The hospital was extremely structured. The patients daily lives were monotonous, they were perceived as brain-dead and were treated as such regardless of their true state of mental health. McMurphy felt that each patient was regarded as a â€Å"lab rat,† in that they were treated with u nnecessary procedures and giv...

Contemporary issues in conflict and security Case Study

Contemporary issues in conflict and security - Case Study Example Terrorism poses threat to societal gains as wells lives of the people in the society. The interest in discussing this issue lies in the fact that it conflict human security interest. Crenshaw (2009:383), believe that the causes of terrorism fall into two categories. First, societal setting creates permissive conditions, which promote terrorism. Modernisation is one of the permissive conditions, which creates interrelated factors that support the terrorism activities. Communication and transportation are crucial to terrorism activities because they allow the terror groups to improve their networks and extend their activities across the world. For instance, train bombing in Spain in 2001, depicts how networking and transportation allow terror activities to expand their roots in the society. Crenshaw (2009:381), argues that terrorist activities observed in the historical Russia in 1890s and the modern terrorist observed in Spain in 2001 depend on modernisation in executing their ills. The fear that the society harbours today is potentiality of the terror groups, using the modern nuclear technology to execute their plots. Crenshaw (2009:382), posit that urbanisation is an aspect of modernisation that create permissive situations for terror activities. The concept of terrorism in relation to urbanization traces its roots in 1960s in Latin America where urban war fair first appeared. She points out that cities became the central point for terror activities. Various scholars have given their explanation in relation to cities as target places for terror activities (Bjorgo, 2005:123). Largely, these arguments describe the urbanisation effects as weaknesses that create permissive conditions for terror activities in the cities. For instance over population create conditions of low lifestyle, economic constraints, among other factors, which lead to criminal activities. The criminal hideouts in the shanties permit the

Comparison Between Holistic And Subject Based Approaches to Curriculum Essay

Comparison Between Holistic And Subject Based Approaches to Curriculum Organization - Essay Example Influential individuals Gur (2006) explain and outline the key factors that affect change in curriculum structure and composition. The first factor that initiates change is a strong and charismatic leadership system that is accepted by the academic staff members. The Main feature of such leadership is to have the necessary capacity that attracts other academic staff to agree and; rally behind the principled educational objectives supported within the environment or institution. A good and appropriate curriculum will ensure a good output especially for a class with an average or reasonable number of students (Gur, 2006, p41). This is because with a smaller class, teacher-student personal relationship is always possible. There is always an anxiety by students to produce constant excellent results because an alteration in the syllabus or curriculum. The relationship eases the performance anxieties experienced by such students and temptation to submit work that is not theirs to the tutor s. However, it should be noted that individual influence on the curriculum change has its own side effects. 2. The need to improve staff training Research has proven the emergence of curricula related challenges in most institutions, especially at the nursery and primary levels of studies. Change in curriculum always comes with the need for better-trained staff members. It requires new teaching skills aimed at meeting the objectives and goals set by the new curriculum system. This may prove to be a significant challenge to most institutions implementing their own curriculum, as they will be required to come up with an impromptu notice for hiring new teachers or training the existing staff. Therefore, the curriculum change is viewed as one of the main and... This essay stresses that several changes are always proposed because of their undisputable goodness. One would find it hard or rather stupid and awkward to argue. For instance, it would be strange to hear an individual arguing that the introduction of laboratory classes for science-related subjects was a wrong idea. Similarly, it is imagined that most leaders would accept that changes in curriculum are indispensable for the students going to various fields of study. Curricula changes and implementation would therefore ease. This paper makes a conclusion that curriculum in any organization plays a significant role in the teaching-learning process in all the educational institutions. The instructional materials, nature of the training the teachers underwent, development of teaching materials, assessment of learners, designing for guides for both the learners and instructors, and setting the principles, are all anchored on the curriculum which is a vital educational document. Thus the role of curriculum in any organization plays a vital role and absence of the document in any educational organization means that the institution cannot function as expected. Curriculum is an educational document, which guides and used for ordering the teaching-learning understandings, which the learners encounter in the educational organization. Curriculum organization involves provision of curriculum and maintaining it to run uninterrupted.